80 天环游世界Around the World 80 Days——5th Stop 尼日利亚Nigeria
Around the World 80 Days
80 天环游世界
Episode 5 第五期-
尼日利亚 Nigeria
上期我们去了大洋洲，那今天我们就前往非洲的尼日利亚吧！
Last week, we went to Oceania, so today we're heading to Nigeria in Africa!
简 介
Intro
尼日利亚，因其庞大的人口和非洲领先的经济而被称为“非洲的巨人”。她因两条主要河流的名字而得名，两条主要河流在到达尼日利亚的土壤之前先经过了五个国家。其中一条河流叫尼日尔河，是从几内亚几内亚湾流出的，而第二条河流叫贝努河，其源头是乍得河。尼日利亚属热带气候，雨季和旱季各不相同，具体取决于地区。一般来说，雨季从三月到十一月共持续9个月。
Nigeria, The Giant of Africa as called by many due to her large population and leading economy in Africa. She was named as a result of two main rivers, which passes through five countries in West and East Africa before it reaching the soil of Nigeria. One of the rivers called Niger river, flowed from the Gulf of Guinea in Guinea while the second river named Benue river has its source from Chadda river. Nigeria has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons, depending on region. In general, the rainy season lasts nine months from March to November.
语 言
Language
尼日利亚使用的三种主要的地方语言是伊博语，豪萨语和约鲁巴语。在尼日利亚的某些地区，少数民族说多种语言。为了促进该国的文化和语言统一，该国的官方语言为英语，并且被广泛用于教育，商业交易和官方目的。Pidgin英语也是一种流行的通用语言，源于许多不同的方言，并且由上述族裔广泛使用。
The three major indigenous languages spoken in Nigeria are Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba language. In some areas of Nigeria, ethnic groups speak more than one language. To facilitate the cultural and linguistic unity of the country, the official language of the country was chosen to be English language and it is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. Pidgin English is also a popular lingua franca, derived from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by the aforementioned ethnic groups.
祖玛岩石
Zuma Rock
奥卢莫岩石
Olumo Rock
尼日利亚有两块具有人文特征的著名岩石。第一个是祖玛岩石，犹如一张男人的脸，第二个是奥卢莫岩石，犹如孕妇仰卧的样子。
Nigeria has two outstanding rocks which posits human features. The first is the Zuma rock which has the face of a man and the second is Olumo rock which has the look of a pregnant woman lying down on her back.
美 食
Food
尼日利亚以其独特的食品种类而独树一帜。由米制成的“ Tuwo shinkafa”与豪萨有关，“ Akpu和Oha Soup”被认为是伊博土地上最好的食物，捣碎的山药得到了约鲁巴的肯定。
Nigeria is unique with her varieties of foods. ‘Tuwo shinkafa’ made from rice, which is associated to the Hausas, ‘Akpu and Oha Soup’ identified as the best food in Igbo land, and Pounded yam affirmed to the Yorubas.
民族和服装
Ethnic & Attire
除此之外，尼日利亚拥有丰富的民族多样性，拥有三个主要的民族（豪萨，伊博和约鲁巴）和250多个具有不同语言和习俗的少数民族。
Aside these, Nigeria is rich in ethnic diversity with three major ethic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) and more than 250 minor ethnic groups, with varying languages and customs.
每个民族都有自己的着装方式。豪萨的传统服饰包括宽松的长袍和长裤。袍子的两侧都有宽大的开口，便于通风。对于男人来说，伊博族的传统服装通常由“ Isiagu”上衣组成，类似于其他非洲群体穿着的“ Dashiki”。约鲁巴服装是由传统的织布工加工而成的棉。男士的衣服代表了他们的个性和社会地位，不同的场合要求穿着不同的服装。每当女士穿上“Ìró” 和 “Bùbá” 时就必须配戴相配的“Gèlè” （头饰）。
Each ethnic group has their own way of dressing. The traditional dress of the Hausa consists loose flowing gowns and trousers. The gowns have wide openings on both sides for ventilation. Igbo traditional attire, for men, is generally made up of the ‘Isiagu’ top, which resembles the ‘Dashiki’ worn by other African groups. Yoruba attires are from processed cotton by traditional weavers. The clothe worn by men depicts their personalities and social statuses, and that different occasions require different clothing outfits. Women also have matching ‘Gèlè’ (head gear) that must be put on whenever the ‘Ìró’ and ‘Bùbá’ is on.
节 日
Festival
此外，每个民族都以各自的节日而闻名。主要节日包括“阿贡古钓鱼节” ，这是一个有趣的节日，其特色是每年二月份该国的渔民们将会齐聚一堂比赛，看谁钓到最大条的鱼。新木薯节也是一个传统节日，8月份，尼日利亚南部和东部地区的人民都会庆祝这节日。它的特色要举行特定的仪式，以感谢成功的耕种年的各种神灵，并开始另一个耕种年。奥孙节通常在8月在尼日利亚奥孙州举行。为了纪念奥孙河女神而举行的庆祝活动，向她献祭和表演其他传统仪式。
Furthermore, each ethnic is known for their respective festivals. The major ones include ‘Argungu Fishing Festival’ which is a fun fiesta that features coming together of fishermen in North-Western part of the country, in a competition to catch the biggest fish celebrated in February every year. New Yam Festival is also a traditional festival celebrated in August by the people of the southern and eastern part of Nigeria. It features certain rituals performed to appreciate the various deities for a successful farming year, and to kick off another farming year. Osun-Osogbo Festival is usually celebrated in the month of August in Osun state, Nigeria. It is celebrated to honour Osun river goddess, by offering sacrifices and performing other traditional rites to her.
艺 术 与 文 学
Art & Literature
图：尼日利亚国家剧院
PIC: National Theatre in Nigeria
尼日利亚地区现知最早的人类遗骸可追溯至新石器时代。他们被称为铁器诺克时代的人。2,000多年前，在今天的尼日利亚高原州诺克文化利用铁器制作了成熟的诺克雕塑。在世界各地的博物馆中都可以找到伊夫和贝宁古城的青铜作品。在该国不同地区可以找到的其他形式的专业艺术品如：染色，编织和裁缝等。
The first known human remains within the Nigerian region was found to be dated within the Last Stone Age; they were called the Iron Age-Nok people. More than 2,000 years ago, the Nok culture in the present Plateau State worked with iron and produced experienced terracotta sculpture of Nigeria. The bronze work of the ancient cities of Ife and Benin can be found in museums all over the world. Other form of art which can be found in different parts of the country are expert in dyeing, weaving and tailors.
舞蹈和音乐也许是尼日利亚艺术中两种最具活力的表演艺术形式。尼日利亚的音乐依靠数不胜数的鼓和打击乐器带来强烈的节奏。许多年轻而有前途的尼日利亚艺术家如维兹基德Wizkid，伯纳男孩Burna Boy，达维多Davido等应运而生，并将非洲节奏音乐推向了国际水平。
Dance and music are perhaps the two most vibrant forms of performance Arts in Nigerian arts. Nigerian music is dependent on strong rhythms supplied by countless drums and percussion instruments. Many Young and promising Nigerian artists like Wizkid, Burna Boy, Davido etc have emerged and took Afrobeat to the international level.
尼日利亚因其学术实力而拥有一所著名的大学，即伊巴丹大学，该大学至今培养了许多优秀的人才。尼日利亚与周边四个国家接壤。尼日尔，乍得，喀麦隆和贝宁。尼日利亚的主要经济来源是原油，这使她的经济在非洲54个国家中表现出色。除了这些，她还拥有丰富的石灰石、黄金、铁等。该国吸引游客的景点包括 La Campagne Tropicana, Obudu Mountain Resort, Yankari Game Reserve 等等.
Nigeria, due to her academic prowess has the all-time best university in West Africa named University of Ibadan, which has produced many nobles in the world today. Nigeria is bounded by four countries; Niger, Chad, Cameroon and Benin. The major source of economy in Nigeria is the crude oil, which makes her economy outstanding among the 54 countries in Africa. Aside these, she is also blessed with abundant limestones, gold, iron, among others. Other attractive places in the country includes La Campagne Tropicana, Obudu Mountain Resort, Yankari Game Reserve and so on.
国际舞台上的尼日利亚人
Nigerians on the Global Stage
恩戈齐·奥孔约-伊卫拉1954年生于尼日利亚的奥瓜希乌库。她是经济学家和全球发展专家。《福布斯》杂志将她评为非洲100位最具影响力的女性之一，而《财富》杂志则将她列入了“ 50位世界最伟大领袖”名单中。伯纳男孩达米尼·埃布诺卢瓦·奥古鲁1991年7月2日出生于尼日利亚哈科特港，以他的艺名伯纳男孩而闻名。在最近的第63届年度格莱美颁奖典礼上，他的专辑 “Twice as Tall” 获得了最佳全球音乐专辑奖。法依·奥登西 是一名尼日利亚少年，当时是尼日利亚奥塔奥贡州立大使学校的一名高中生，最近以30分的优势领先全球其他竞争对手，赢得了全球开放数学竞赛的冠军。
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Born in Ogwashi Ukwu, Nigeria,1954. She is an economist and a global development expert. Forbes has recognised Okonjo as one of the 100 Most Influential Women in Africa, while Fortune included her in their list of 50 Greatest World Leaders. Burna boy Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria on July 2nd 1991, better known by his stage name Burna Boy, is a Nigerian afro-fusion singer and songwriter. He was awarded the Best Global Music Album award for his album 'Twice As Tall’ at the recent 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. Faith Odunsi A young Nigerian teenager who was a high school student at the Ambassadors School, Ota Ogun State, Nigeria recently won the Global Open Mathematics competition by leading other competitors from around the globe with a 30-point margin.
同时恭喜以下同学成功答对上期预告问题
（仅限先留言的前三位同学，排名不分先后）
Congratulation to the following students who have successfully answered the questions correctly.
（Only the first three students who leave the comment, in no particular order）
请以上同学将自己的个人信息（中英文姓名 + 学号 + 微信号 + 班级） 发到 buaaugsu@163.com
Please send your personal infomation (Name in English and Chiniese + Student Number + WeChat ID + Class) to buaaugsu@163.com
下期我们即将前往...
Then, the next is...
提 示 Tips：
吉大港市是该国第二大城市也是该国最大的港口。
Chittagong (Chattogram) is the country's second largest city and the country's largest port.
(欢迎在留言区留言，答对的前三位同学将会获得小礼物）
(Leave your answer in the comment area, and three of the students who get it right will receive a gift)
❤ 在此衷心感谢各位的参与 ❤
❤ Thanks to all participants ❤
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